Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism is a pervasive neurological developmental disorder that manifests itself differently in each affected person.   Accordingly, autism is thought of as a “spectrum” of disorders, ranging from the severely disabling “classic” autism to various “higher functioning” forms.

Classic Autism is considered the most disabling form of autism.  The individual is usually not able to function independently, and a few need constant care.  Many are nonverbal and are extremely sensitive to or stressed by different environmental stimuli, such as sounds, colors, and textures.  Daily ritualistic routines are common.  An individual with classic autism has great difficulty adapting to changes in surroundings or routines.

High Functioning Autism (HFA) is autism characterized by early language delays, but significant independent functioning as the child ages.  Environmental sensitivities are common, but there is a greater ability to handle change with preparation.

Asperger's Syndrome (AS) results in difficult social interactions, preference for sameness and routine, and narrowly focused interests or repetitive behaviors.  Individuals with AS have average or above-average intelligence and normal language development.  Although they often have exceptionally rich vocabularies, “Aspies” may have an overly literal understanding of language, and their speech patterns may be unusual.  Aspies also have difficulty interpreting nonverbal communication, such as gestures and facial expressions.

Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) is a diagnostic label for individuals with higher-functioning autistic characteristics who do not meet the formal diagnostic criteria for HFA or AS.

For a good introduction to the autistic spectrum, click here.   If someone in your family is newly diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder, click here. 

Videos by Experts:

What is Autism? - Hans Asperger

Understanding Asperger Syndrome: A College Professor's Guide

Temple Grandin - Focus on Autism and Asperger's Syndrome

Asperger Syndrome